RS-485 Bus Design of a Missile Simulation Training System

In a missile simulation training system with one-master and multi-slaves distributed system structure, a universal controller is necessary due to the system composed with several controllers. In this research, the designed controllers communicate with each other and upper control computer through RS-485 field bus. RS-485 bus including interface circuits, transmission protocol, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method and upper control test software is designed and proposed. The universal controller adopting the designed RS-485 interface circuits is connected through twisted-pair and makes the simulation system, then the controller is tested in line. The results show that the RS-485 bus communicates effectively using the protocol and CRC method, data transmission rates reaches 115.2 kbps, and has a good stability

RS-485 Bus Design of a Missile Simulation Training System

In a missile simulation training system with one-master and multi-slaves distributed system structure, a universal controller is necessary due to the system composed with several controllers. In this research, the designed controllers communicate with each other and upper control computer through RS-485 field bus. RS-485 bus including interface circuits, transmission protocol, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method and upper control test software is designed and proposed. The universal controller adopting the designed RS-485 interface circuits is connected through twisted-pair and makes the simulation system, then the controller is tested in line. The results show that the RS-485 bus communicates effectively using the protocol and CRC method, data transmission rates reaches 115.2 kbps, and has a good stability

Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Dust of the Urban Areas of Guiyang, Guizhou, China

To investigate what health risks the heavy metals in dust will bring to the human body after they enter humans through different exposure pathways- breathing inhalation and hand-to-mouth ingestion, this study took the old urban area of Guiyang as the study area to grasp the heavy metal concentrations of surface dust, in recreative squares main streets, hospitals, residential areas, and schools in the urban area, and the bioaccessibility in the simulated lung and simulated gastrointestinal. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr in the dust were higher than the background values. Particularly, the Zn concentration exceeded the background value by 9.71 times. The bioaccessibility results indicated that the most soluble heavy metals in the simulated lung, simulated stomach, and simulated intestine were Zn, Ni, and Cu, respectively, and the bioaccessibility of most heavy metals was significantly higher in the gastric phase than that in the intestinal phase, and only the bioaccessibility of Cu was higher in the intestinal phase than that in the gastric phase. The linear results fit showed that the total amount of heavy metals alone could not be used for predicting the human intake of heavy metals in the dust. Human health risk assessment based on bioaccessibility showed that children had higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults in terms of both hand-to-mouth ingestion and respiratory inhalation exposure pathways, but none of these figures exceeded the limit values

Medium Chain Acylcarnitines Dominate the Metabolite Pattern in Humans under Moderate Intensity Exercise and Support Lipid Oxidation

Background: Exercise is an extreme physiological challenge for skeletal muscle energy metabolism and has notable health benefits. We aimed to identify and characterize metabolites, which are components of the regulatory network mediating the beneficial metabolic adaptation to exercise

CIViCdb 2022: evolution of an open-access cancer variant interpretation knowledgebase

CIViC (Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer; civicdb.org) is a crowd-sourced, public domain knowledgebase composed of literature-derived evidence characterizing the clinical utility of cancer variants. As clinical sequencing becomes more prevalent in cancer management, the need for cancer variant interpretation has grown beyond the capability of any single institution. CIViC contains peer-reviewed, published literature curated and expertly-moderated into structured data units (Evidence Items) that can be accessed globally and in real time, reducing barriers to clinical variant knowledge sharing. We have extended CIViC’s functionality to support emergent variant interpretation guidelines, increase interoperability with other variant resources, and promote widespread dissemination of structured curated data. To support the full breadth of variant interpretation from basic to translational, including integration of somatic and germline variant knowledge and inference of drug response, we have enabled curation of three new Evidence Types (Predisposing, Oncogenic and Functional). The growing CIViC knowledgebase has over 300 contributors and distributes clinically-relevant cancer variant data currently representing >3200 variants in >470 genes from >3100 publications

Algebraic Differential Fault Attacks on LED using a Single Fault Injection

This paper proposes a new fault attack technique on the LED block cipher using a single fault injection by combining algebraic side-channel attack (ASCA) and differential fault attack (DFA). We name it as algebraic differential fault attack (ADFA). Firstly, a boolean equation set is constructed for LED using algebraic techniques. Then, the fault differences of the S-Box inputs in the last round of LED are deduced by DFA and represented using algebraic equations by the multiple deductions-based ASCA (MDASCA) technique proposed in COSADE 2012. Finally, the key is recovered by solving the equation set with the CryptoMiniSat solver. We show that, as to ADFA on LED under the single nibble-based fault model, the 64-bit key can be recovered within one minute on a common PC with a success rate of 79%, which is more efficient than previous work. We modify the CryptoMiniSat solver to count and output multiple solutions for the key, and conduct ADFA to calculate the reduced key search space for DFA. The key search space of LED is reduced to 2 6 ∼ 2 17, which is different from previous work. We also successfully extend ADFA on LED to other fault models using a single fault injection, such as byte based fault model and nibble based diagonal fault model, where traditional DFAs are difficult to work. The results show that ADFA is an efficient and generic fault analysis technique which significantly improves DFA

Characterization of Microstructural Evolution in Heat-Affected Zone of Cu-Bearing Ultra-High-Strength Steel with Lamellar Microstructure

The advanced lamellar microstructure significantly improves the toughness of Cu-bearing ultra-high strength steel by delamination toughening (yield strength: 1370 MPa, impact toughness at −40 °C: 60 J). The lamellar microstructure affects the microstructure evolution of heat-affected zone (HAZ), resulting in separate distributions of lath martensite and granular bainite in the complete austenitizing zone and the formation of cluster fresh martensite in the partial austenitizing zone. The grain refinement and decrease in dislocation density are predominant features, especially for the complete austenitizing zone, where the grain is refined to 4.33 μm, and dislocation density is decreased by 27%. With the degree of austenitizing increase, the dissolution of Cu-rich precipitates (CRPs) aggravates during welding. A small fraction of CRPs in the complete austenitizing zone implies the onset of reprecipitation of CRPs. The reason for softening in HAZ is attributed to a combined effect of granular bainite forming, dislocation density decreasing, and CRPs dissolving. After PWTH, large numbered reprecipitation of coherent CRPs occurs, contributing to the hardness recovery of HAZ. Meanwhile, due to the high density of dislocation of lamellar microstructure inherited by partial austenitizing zone, coarsening of coherent CRPs is easy to occur, and various incoherent structures are observed

Nanocellulose and Cellulose Making with Bio-Enzymes from Different Particle Sizes of Neosinocalamus Affinis

Cellulose is one of the most abundant, widely distributed and abundant polysaccharides on earth, and is the most valuable natural renewable resource for human beings. In this study, three different particle sizes (250, 178, and 150 μm) of Neosinocalamus affinis cellulose were extracted from Neosinocalamus affinis powder using bio-enzyme digestion and prepared into nanocellulose (CNMs). The cellulose contents of 250, 178, and 150 μm particle sizes were 53.44%, 63.38%, and 74.08%, respectively; the crystallinity was 54.21%, 56.03% and 63.58%, respectively. The thermal stability of cellulose increased gradually with smaller particle sizes. The yields of CNMs for 250, 178, and 150 μm particle sizes were 14.27%, 15.44%, and 16.38%, respectively. The results showed that the Neosinocalamus affinis powder was successfully removed from lignin, hemicellulose, and impurities (pectin, resin, etc.) by the treatment of bio-enzyme A (ligninase:hemicellulose:pectinase = 1:1:1) combined with NH3·H2O and H2O2/CH3COOH. Extraction of cellulose from Neosinocalamus affinis using bio-enzyme A, the smaller the particle size of Neosinocalamus affinis powder, the more cellulose content extracted, the higher the crystallinity, the better the thermal stability, and the higher the purity. Subsequently, nanocellulose (CNMs) were prepared by using bio-enzyme B (cellulase:pectinase = 1:1). The CNMs prepared by bio-enzyme B showed a network structure and fibrous bundle shape. Therefore, the ones prepared in this study belong to cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). This study provides a reference in the extraction of cellulose from bamboo using bio-enzymes and the preparation of nanocellulose. To a certain extent, the utilization of bamboo as a biomass material was improved